Materials Science Seminars

Dr. Philip R. Buskohl
US Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio
Friday, February 28, 2020
11:15 a.m. – 12:10 p.m.
544 Baldwin Hall

Movement and shape change are key enablers for living systems to sense, assess and respond to environmental stimuli. For example, actuating mechanisms are utilized in natural systems for diverse operations, such as arms and legs for locomotion, skin wrinkling for camouflage, or multistable snapping to catch prey. Mapping these behaviors to synthetic systems is highly desirable for applications such as morphing aircraft and agile robotics, however robust physical reconfiguration methods are needed to program and control the interaction of the physical shape with its environment. Origami, the art of paper folding, presents a strategy to address this challenge, by converting complex 2D to 3D shape changes into a series of folding operations. In addition, multistable origami mechanisms can also be realized through the combined tuning of the fold topology and the stiffness mismatch between stretch, bend and fold deformation modes in the structure. In this seminar, we will investigate how origami-based shape change and multistability can serve as potential mechanisms for emulating sensing, actuation and logic in stimuli-responsive structures. Examples will include the analysis of an origami frequency selective surface for tunable blockage of electromagnetic waves, applying topology optimization to design origami actuators with specific symmetries, and the leveraging of a bistable origami pattern to demonstrate mechanologic. Collectively, the results highlight the versatile properties origami-based structures can embody and the potential opportunity space for foldable mechanisms.

Dr. Philip R. Buskohl is a Research Mechanical Engineer in the Functional Materials Division at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). The Division delivers materials and processing solutions to revolutionize AF capabilities in Survivability, Directed Energy, Reconnaissance, Integrated Energy and Human Performance. Dr. Buskohl has authored over 32 peer-reviewed papers ranging from the chemical-mechanical feedback of self-oscillating gels, design of reconfigurable origami structures and mechanical computing concepts. His research interests include nonlinear elasticity, optimization methodology for material design, and mechanically adaptive materials. He received his PhD degree in theoretical and applied mechanics from Cornell University in 2012.

Prof. Dinc Erdeniz
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Marquette University
E-mail: Dinc.Erdeniz@marquette.edu

A dilute Al-0.005Er-0.02Sc-0.07Zr-0.06Si (at.%) alloy was micro-alloyed with 0.08 at.% V, Nb, or Ta. Each alloy was then subjected to isochronal, isothermal, and double-aging treatments to study precipitation behavior. Atom-probe tomography revealed that, upon aging, V, Nb, or Ta partition to the coherent L12-Al3(Er,Sc,Zr) nanoprecipitates (with average concentrations of 0.3, 0.14, and 0.09 at.%, respectively), with all elements segregating to the matrix/nanoprecipitate interface. This is consistent with the V-, Nb- and Ta-modified alloys exhibiting, as compared to the unmodified alloy: (i) a higher peak microhardness, due to the precipitation of coherent, L12 ordered tri-aluminides; and (ii) an improved aging resistance, from slower nanoprecipitate coarsening due to the low diffusivities of V, Nb, and Ta in aluminum. Creep testing of both the unmodified and modified alloys at 400°C shows that V and Nb do not affect the creep behavior, however, Ta significantly reduces the creep resistance of these alloys.

Dinc Erdeniz is currently an assistant professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Marquette University (Milwaukee, WI). Before joining Marquette in 2018, he was a postdoctoral fellow conducting research in Prof. David Dunand’s Structural Metallic Materials Group in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Northwestern University (Evanston, IL). Dr. Erdeniz received his Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from Northeastern University (Boston, MA), where he studied the processing and properties of Al-Ni energetic composites in the Advanced Materials Processing Laboratory of Prof. Teiichi Ando. His current research focuses on the development, processing, microstructural characterization, and mechanical behavior of hightemperature, high-entropy, and shape-memory alloys.

George Coates
Chief Technical Officer and Former CEO
The Phoenix Group

Mobility Service Providers seek to provide transportation services that meet customers’ needs for comfort, reliability, safety, and connectivity. Future Mobility will be defined by unique powertrains, technologies, and architectures that ensure these attributes are met – but there are materials challenges and tradeoffs in these designs. Fleet owners must offer products and solutions that also deliver a profitable business model. This presentation will explore insights from a long-term assessment of Future Automotive Trends, and assess steel’s evolution as a sophisticated automotive material.

George Coates is the Chief Technical Officer of the Phoenix Group. Since 1991, Mr. Coates has been providing engineering and consulting services for industry leaders in the steel, automotive, and manufacturing industries. George’s areas of expertise include: management and strategic consulting, project management, automotive stamping productivity, supplier metal conversion, and metal formability and reference panel systems. George is a Technical Director for WorldAutoSteel, a global consortium conducting industry research for the largest automotive steel suppliers. He has contributed to studies on steel light weighting for future vehicles, and has been a project manager / instructor for AHSS Application Guidelines, Versions 5.0 and 6.0. George’s educational background includes BS in Metallurgical Engineering from the University of Cincinnati and MBA coursework from Miami University.

Prof. Yong-Gyun Ghim
Assistant Professor of Industrial Design
UC College of Design, Art, Architecture, and Planning (DAAP)
E-mail: ghimyn@ucmail.uc.edu

What is the real meaning and value of design? What does design mean to engineers? Design has become so prevalent in our lives and now the term is widely used in various sections across the academy, industry, and society. Design is not simply about making an object beautiful, but a practice and a way of thinking toward innovation that looks into people and makes people's lives better. Design is a comprehensive art of integrating human needs, technology, business, and aesthetics. Taking an example from a cleaning robot design project, the overall design process and an interdisciplinary approach for a sophisticated intelligent product will be described, then it will be discussed how to make collaboration between design and engineering more effective.

Yong-Gyun Ghim is an Assistant Professor of Industrial Design at UC's College of DAAP. He holds an MS in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering from Seoul National University in Korea and an MDes in Human-Centered Product Design from the IIT Institute of Design in Chicago. Before joining UC, he had worked as a professional industrial designer for global corporations in Korea and China. He was in charge of designing cleaning robots for LG Electronics and it made him earn multiple international design awards. His experience in designing robots and his multi-disciplinary background have formed his research interests in human-centered design in robotics and interdisciplinary collaboration on intelligent products.

Prof. Hamish L Fraser
Center for the Accerlerated Maturation of Materials Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Ohio State University
Friday, February 21st 2020
11:15 am – 12:10 pm
Baldwin 544/644

This talk will describe and discuss some of the recent research that we have undertaken aimed at developing some new titanium alloys and understanding their behavior. The first part of the talk will describe our efforts to develop a titanium alloy for additive manufacturing (AM), one that avoids the coarse columnar grains that result when using conventional alloys (e.g., Ti-64) with AM, but yet provides an attractive balance of properties. The second part of the talk will present results of our studies of the evolution of microstructure (i.e., refined and very refined distributions of the alpha phase) in metastable beta alloys. In this study, we have identified (using aberration-corrected (S)TEM) and characterized instabilities in the beta phase and determined their influence on microstructural evolution. In the last part of the talk, details of our study of the recently developed alloy TIMETAL®407 will be presented. In particular, an uncommon form of plastic deformation has been observed involving interfacial (a/b) sliding and its influence on the mechanical response of this alloy will be described. Support for this research by NSF, AFRL, TIMET Company, and Boeing Research and Technology is gratefully acknowledged.

Dr. Fraser graduated from the University of Birmingham (UK) with the degrees of B.Sc. (1970) and Ph.D. (1972). He was appointed to the faculty of the University of Illinois in 1973 (Assistant, Associate and Full Professor), before moving in 1989 to the Ohio State University (OSU) as Ohio Regents Eminent Scholar and Professor. He was appointed as a Senior Research Scientist at the United Technologies Research Center from 1979-1980. He has also been a Senior von Humboldt Researcher at the University of Göttingen, a Senior Visitor at the University of Cambridge, a visiting professor at the University of Liverpool, and he spent a sabbatical leave at the Max-Planck Institut für Werkstoffwissenscahften in Stuttgart. He has been an Honorary Professor of Materials and Technology at the University of Birmingham since 1988. In 2014, he was recognized as an Honorary Professor at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University in Port Elizabeth, South Africa. He is also an Adjunct Professor at Monash University in Australia and at the University of North Texas. At present, he serves as Director of the Center for the Accelerated Maturation of Materials (CAMM) at OSU. He has been a member of the National Materials Advisory Board and the US Air Force Scientific Advisory Board. He has consulted for a number of national laboratories and several industrial companies. He is a Fellow of TMS, ASM, IOM3 (UK), MSA and MAS. He has published over 430 papers in scholarly journals and given over 370 invited presentations. He has graduated over 52 doctoral students and 36 students graduating with the degree of M.S.

Dr. Eric Payton
Research Leader, Metallic Materials and Processing Team Air Force Research Laboratory
Friday, December 6, 2019
11:15 am – 12:10 pm
Baldwin 544/644

Tempered martensite ferritic steels are used in many applications where high strength and creep resistance are required. It is widely known that the orientation relationship between austenite and martensite is a function of the lattice parameters of each phase, and therefore composition. In order to better understand the evolution of microstructure during elevated temperature thermomechanical processing in the austenite or austenite + ferrite phase fields, it is desirable to be able to reconstruct the probable austenite structure from an observation of the transformed martensite using electron backscatter diffraction. The variability in the orientation relationship with heat treatment and quenching temperature, cooling rate, grain size, and local composition are estimated and compared to some experimental observations. Results are discussed in light of recent advances in measurement of orientation relationships using electron backscatter diffraction and probabilistic reconstruction of austenitic microstructures, and applied toward an improved understanding of austenite grain refinement mechanisms.

Eric Payton is currently the Research Leader for the Metallic Materials and Processing Team at the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory. After obtaining a PhD from Ohio State in 2009, he held post-doctoral positions at Ruhr University in Bochum, Germany, from 2009-2011 and the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing in Berlin, Germany, from 2011-2013 prior to joining the faculty of the New York State College of Ceramics at Alfred University from 2013-2015 as an assistant professor prior to transitioning to government service at AFRL in 2015. Dr. Payton’s research focuses on the development of novel techniques for characterization and modeling of materials microstructure evolution during thermomechanical processing of metallic materials.

Isabel Boona
Advanced Scientist, Owens Corning
Friday, November 22nd, 2019
11:15 am – 12:10
Swift 820

Modern analytical electron microscopy (EM) comprises a full suite of powerful characterization tools capable of answering a wide range of seemingly impossible materials science questions, from direct imaging of sub-nanometer protein structures with cryo-TEM to determining composition and crystallographic orientation of critically important alloys used in manufacturing. These applications are of interest to researchers in both academic and industrial settings, making EM a widely useful skill set. In this talk, I will discuss how I first discovered my passion for microscopy as a student, then how I developed my EM skills as a staff scientist at an academic research facility, and finally what it’s like to apply those skills on a daily basis in an industry setting. Along the way, I will present examples of several challenging materials science questions that were answered with the help of EM.

Isabel Boona is an Advanced Scientist and Microscopy Lab Leader at the Owens Corning Science & Technology Analytical Laboratory in Granville, OH. She earned her B.S. and M.S. degrees in Materials Science and Engineering from Michigan State University in 2012 and 2014, respectively, where she patented new techniques for processing lithium ion battery materials. After graduating from MSU and before joining Owens Corning, she worked as a Research Associate at The Ohio State University’s Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis (CEMAS) from 2014 to 2018. There she became an expert in various aspects of electron microscopy and x-ray microCT, including novel sample preparation techniques that enable the acquisition, reconstruction, and segmentation of complex, correlative three-dimensional data sets. Isabel lives with her husband Steve (a fellow materials scientist) and their cats and dog in Hilliard, OH.

Dr. Fulin Wang
University of California, Santa Barbara
Friday, November 8th, 2019
11:15 am – 12:10 pm
Swift 820

At the intersection of materials science and mechanical engineering, there are great opportunities for speeding up the process of materials discovery, processing optimization and property prediction for structural materials. The Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) approach, or Materials Genome Initiative (MGI), aims to accelerate the process, where experiments, theory/modeling and data are integrated to establish predictable processing-structure-property (PSP) relationship. An essential link is uncovering the critical descriptors and quantitatively describing microstructure from experiments. Dislocations and defect substructures are important structural units, and their evolutions and interactions act as the controlling mechanisms that dictate properties. Electron microscopy can effectively probe the structure as well as the strain field of crystal defects. This talk will present specific studies on lightweight Mg alloys and multi-principal element alloys, which revealed new information to calibrate existing theory and guide alloy design. The potentials of advanced characterization techniques in facilitating solving urgent scientific/engineering problems, e.g. additive manufacturing, microstructure design in lightweight and high strength structural materials, will be discussed.

Fulin Wang is a postdoctoral researcher at Materials Department in University of California, Santa Barbara. He obtained his BS in Materials Science and Engineering from University of Science and Technology Beijing, China in 2010. He pursued the MS in Metallurgical Engineering from RWTH Aachen University, Germany and conducted master thesis at Max Planck Institute for Iron Research, Dusseldorf, Germany in 2013. He then came to University of Virginia and completed his PhD research under the advisement of Prof. Sean R. Agnew, graduating in December 2017. He has more than 5 years of research experience in lightweight structural material Mg alloys and developed recent interests in multi-principal element alloys and additive manufacturing. His research interests include: electron microscopy applied to crystal defects, plasticity, advanced characterization (in situ, 3D, autonomous etc.), and microstructure-property relationships.

Dr. Jonathan T. Pham
Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky
E-mail: Jonathan.Pham@uky.edu
Friday, November 1st 2019 11:15 am – 12:10 pm
Baldwin 544/644

Soft materials are found in a host of application areas, from biotechnology and 3D printing to adhesives and soft devices. However understanding and controlling the behavior of very soft materials is an ongoing challenge. The Soft Materials and Interfaces group at Kentucky focuses on understanding the physics and mechanics of soft polymeric materials, including but not limited to gels, elastomers, and viscoelastic fluids, with an emphasis on responses at or near interfaces. When materials are sufficiently soft or the characteristic size scale is sufficiently small, soft solids display liquid-like characteristics – properties traditionally reserved for liquids emerge as an important part of the material behavior.. In this talk, we introduce situations where combinations of solid and liquid characteristics control the mechanics of deformable interfaces. In particular, we discuss the importance of surface tension, surface stress, and phase separation for the interaction between a small adhesive particle and a soft elastomer. Based on confocal microscopy and colloidal probe experiments, a modified contact mechanics model is proposed. We follow with an exploration of small scale friction mechanisms with similar experimental methods. In the second part, we demonstrate tunable adhesive behavior of transient hydrogel materials with dynamic bonds. Time permitting, we will introduce our current knowledge on how an immiscible liquid drop wets a soft polymer gel.

Jonathan Pham is an Assistant Professor of Materials Engineering at the University of Kentucky. He received a PhD in Polymer Science and Engineering from the University of Massachusetts Amherst where he investigated nanoparticle assembly and mechanics. During this time, he was a Chateaubriand fellow at ESPCI-ParisTech investigating deformation of microscale helical filaments in microfluidics. Prior to joining Kentucky, he was a Humboldt Postdoctoral Fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research working on a range of topics, including cell-surface interactions and liquid drop impact.

Dr. Dinc Erdeniz
Department of Mechanical Engineering Marquette University
Friday, October 25th 2019 11:15 am – 12:10 pm
Baldwin 544/644

Achieving low-density structures has become imperative in the biomedical, aerospace, and automotive industries due to extreme operating conditions and demanding functional requirements. A reduction in density can be accomplished by either substituting lighter elements (Al, Mg, etc.) for their heavier counterparts (Fe, Ni, etc.) or by integrating porous structures (foams or micro-architectured scaffolds) into the part design. However, this must be realized without sacrificing the performance. In this talk, both of these approaches will be demonstrated through the development of three different materials/structures: i) wire-woven NiTi shape-memory alloys, ii) micro-architectured nickel-based superalloys, and iii) castable, precipitation-strengthened aluminum alloys. The processing routes utilized and the resulting microstructural evolution will be discussed along with the corresponding mechanical properties at the ambient and elevated temperatures.

Dinc Erdeniz is currently an assistant professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Marquette University (Milwaukee, WI). Before joining Marquette in 2018, he was a postdoctoral fellow conducting research in Prof. David Dunand’s Structural Metallic Materials Group in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Northwestern University (Evanston, IL). Dr. Erdeniz received his Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from Northeastern University (Boston, MA) where he studied the processing and properties of Al-Ni energetic composites in the Advanced Materials Processing Laboratory of Prof. Teiichi Ando. His current research focuses on the processing, microstructural characterization, and mechanical behavior of high temperature materials and shape-memory alloys.

Dr. Mehdi B. Zanjani
Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Miami University, Oxford, OH Friday, September 27, 2019; 11:15 a.m. – 12:10 p.m.
544 Baldwin Hall

The ability to invent and probe materials at the micro and nanoscale has sparked innovative research and provided a diverse platform for developing metamaterials with improved functionality. The focus of this talk is presenting new approaches to design novel micro and nanoscale constructs, predict different material properties, and investigate their behavior by taking advantage of multiscale computational models. A major advantage of this field of study is introducing versatile approaches that help reduce material development time and lead to cheaper innovative products with important applications in areas such as energy, medicine, information technology, and environmental sciences. In the first part of the talk, self-assembly of micro and nanoscale building blocks into complex structures will be discussed, and novel approaches for realizing multi-component mesoscale superstructures will be presented. The second part of this talk will be focused on studying mechanical, thermal, and phononic properties of soft mater, specifically colloidal superstructures and polymer networks. These tunable properties can be exploited to target interesting applications such as the design of phononic/thermal isolators as well as dynamic vitrimeric materials with enhanced mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties.

Dr. Zanjani is an Assistant Professor of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering at Miami University. He received his PhD from the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics at the University of Pennsylvania (UPenn) in 2014. Before joining Miami, he was a postdoctoral associate in the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at UPenn. At Miami University, he has taught courses in the areas of thermal fluids and computational methods. Dr. Zanjani’s primary research interests are in the field of micro and nanomaterials and computational materials science. In recent years, his group has been specifically focused on investigating new research problems in the areas of self-assembly of colloidal particles, phononic and photonic metamaterials, and self-healing polymer networks.

Dr. Dennis Dimiduk,
BlueQuartz Software, LLC
Email: dennis.dimiduk@bluequartz.net
Friday, October 18th, 2019
11:15 am – 12:10 pm
Swift 820

More than 15 years ago, researchers at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), together with sponsors from DARPA and AFOSR, explored methods for directly including 3-dimensional (3D) microstructure information into engineering design systems. In time, advancements led to BlueQuartz Software developing The Digital Representation Environment for Analysis of Materials (DREAM.3D) for public use in 2012. DREAM.3D was a first of kind comprehensive approach for placing data regarding materials microstructure information, both from experiments and simulations, on a common footing. Users have described methods for processing, segmenting, quantifying, representing, reconstructing, and manipulating 3D materials microstructure data within a virtual environment. The codebase also includes an approach to building a generalized representation strategy for digital microstructures. Over the last five years, the user base, codebase, and core capabilities of DREAM.3D have been expanding into a more robust and comprehensive tool for integration into engineering design and analysis frameworks. The present presentation describes aspects of these enhancements, highlights selected unsolved challenges, and suggests directions for community focus and advancement on 3D materials microstructure-based engineering and design.

Before joining BlueQuartz Software, Dennis M. Dimiduk was Research Leader for High-Temperature Materials, Technical Director of the Structural Materials Division, and Laboratory Fellow at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate. Through his career he performed research on high-temperature alloys, phase transformations, electron microscopy and strengthening mechanisms in high-temperature superalloys. Throughout the 1990’s, work by he and his colleagues on titanium aluminides and refractory intermetallics was at the leading edge of world-wide exploration of these materials. Their research led to current growing use of titanium aluminides in gas turbine and automotive engines—a major contribution to fuel savings. More than 30 years ago, Dr. Dimiduk began research seeking to understand microstructure-property relationships and deformation in materials through computer simulation. The group’s successes in materials simulations led to research through DARPA, and directly to current and growing efforts for Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME). More recently he used those experiences to aid building of the National Materials Genome Initiative (MGI). That research also led to advancements in the 3d materials characterization and representation, including the “DREAM.3D” software tool, new techniques for mechanical property characterization at the micro- and nanometer scales, and to discovery of a new regime of size-affected deformation behavior. Dimiduk continues to pursue and explore those advancements, while expanding the impact of ICME. Dr. Dimiduk began his career as an ASM Scholar and graduated from Wright State University. His M.S. and Ph.D. degrees are from Carnegie Mellon University, and he was honored with an Alumni Achievement Award from CMU in 2008. He has also received the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate’s Charles J. Cleary Scientific Achievement Award. Dr. Dimiduk has authored or coauthored more than 200 technical papers, 13 patents, 2 book chapters and co-edited 5 books. He is also known in the academic community for over 14,000 citations of his work. He is a member of the editorial boards for Intermetallics and Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation. In 1993-94 he was a Visiting Scholar at the University of Oxford, UK conducting collaborative research and lecturing on structural intermetallics. Dimiduk is a career-long member of TMS, ASM and MRS. He was awarded Fellow of ASM International in 1997, and Fellow of TMS in 2019. He is a past elected Chairman of the Structural Materials Division of TMS and served on their Board of Directors. Currently, he is the Chief Technologist at BlueQuartz Software, LLC, and a Research Professor at The Ohio State University.

Dr. Kinshuk Dasgupta Materials Group
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
Currently Fulbright Visiting Scholar at University of Cincinnati

Venue: BALDWIN 537 at 1:00 pm on 27th September 2019

Carbon is a wonderful material having wide range of structures and properties depending on the bonding and hybridization. Carbon based materials find various applications in the field of nuclear energy starting from structural materials to functional materials. Graphite is used as the moderator and reflector in high temperature nuclear reactors (HTR). For Generation IV nuclear reactors, carbon-carbon (C/C) composites are being considered for better tailor-made properties. TRISO coated particles, which are used as fuels in HTRs, have different layers of carbon and silicon carbide based coatings with varied porosity and density in order to contain the fission products. More recently, pyrolytic graphite, artificial fine grained graphite and C-C composites have been adopted as plasma facing components in fusion reactors. In Indian scenario, all the above materials are used or have been proposed for our different nuclear reactor programs. Carbon based nanomaterials, like carbon nanotubes and graphene are finding applications in front end and back end of fuel cycles. Functionalized carbon nanomaterials have been used for selective adsorption of radionuclide, rare earths, actinides etc. Due to very high surface area carbon nanomaterials are being proposed for gas adsorption during accidental condition. Carbon nanotube-polymer composite has found application in nuclear desalination. The present talk will cover the synthesis, modification, characterization and applications of carbon based materials for Indian nuclear energy program.

Dr. Kinshuk Dasgupta is a Fulbright visiting scholar at the Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engg., University of Cincinnati from India, where he is working as a researcher at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre. He has been working on the synthesis and applications of carbon based materials for structural, functional and energy storage applications. Dr. Dasgupta completed his Bachelor in Engg (Metallurgy and Materials Science) from Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India and PhD in Chemical Engg. from Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India. He received ‘Young Metallurgist of the Year’ in 2007, ‘Young Engineer Award’ in 2012 and ‘Scientific and Technical Excellence Award’ in 2017 by Govt. of India. Dr. Dasgupta has more than 70 publications in peer reviewed international journals and he has delivered more than 10 invited lectures in front of International community.

Dr. Sushant Anand
University of Illinois - Chicago
Friday, October 4, 2019; 11:15 a.m. – 12:10 p.m.
544 Baldwin Hall

Breath figure (i.e. condensate) formation on surfaces (solid or liquid) plays a great role in diverse natural and industrial settings. Condensation on solid surfaces for example, plays critical role in condensers, HVAC, fuel cells and water harvesting applications. Water droplets condensing on highly supercooled surfaces are also the harbinger of ice/frost that can have deleterious effects on the safety and effective performance of energy and transportation industries worldwide entailing yearly economic damage of billions of dollars. In the first half of this talk, I will discuss how use of liquids within textures of a solid can enhance condensation and delay ice formation. I will then demonstrate how such liquid infused surfaces can fail and how such failure can be overcome by the use of certain phase change materials (PCM). Such PCMs can impede condensation frosting lasting up to 300 times longer than conventional surfaces under identical environmental conditions. The freezing delay is primarily a consequence of the trapped latent heat release due to condensation, but is also affected by the solidified PCM surface morphology and its miscibility in water. Regardless of surface chemistry, PCM infused textured surfaces exhibit low droplet adhesion when operated below the corresponding melting point of the solidified PALs, engendering ice and frost repellency even on hydrophilic substrates. In the second part of the talk, I will briefly discuss the mechanics of a new approach for formulating nanoemulsions by condensing vapor on bulk liquids in presence of surfactants and nanoparticles. Compared to existing methods, formation of nanoemulsions by condensation is a bottoms-up approach that is simple, fast, inexpensive, scalable and energy efficient. Finally, I will discuss how the vapor condensation process can be adapted for formulating wide variety of nanomaterials and complex emulsions for applications in biology, chemistry and materials science.

Dr. Sushant Anand is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering at University of Illinois at Chicago (since 2015). He earned his Ph.D. degree from University of Cincinnati and his BS and MS in Mechanical Engineering from IIT Kharagpur (India). From 2012-2015, he was a postdoctoral associate/fellow in Department of Mechanical Engineering at MIT. In 2013 he received Society in Science Branco Weiss Fellowship to investigate new surface architectures for enhancing condensation and water harvesting. Dr. Anand has received multiple grants from NSF including the prestigious NSF CAREER Award in 2019. At UIC, the Anand group is focused on interfacial phenomenon on simple and heterogeneous surfaces, especially enhancing dropwise condensation heat transfer, making anti-icing surfaces; developing new methods for making colloids and nanomaterials. College of Engineering and Applied Science Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Cincinnati PO Box 210072 Cincinnati, OH, 45221-0072.

Dr. Dennis D. Keiser, Jr.
Directorate Fellow, Nuclear Fuels and Materials Division
Idaho National Laboratory
Friday April 26th, 2019
11:15 am – 12:10 pm
ERC 427

The Material Management and Minimization Program is developing low enriched uranium fuels for application in research and test reactors. One fuel type is a U-Mo monolithic fuel, and the second type is a U-Mo dispersion fuel. To successfully qualify these fuel types, it is important to have good understanding of the fuel performance under different irradiation conditions. Microstructural characterization has been performed on U-Mo fuels that have been irradiated under different conditions in the Advanced Test Reactor. This includes using techniques like transmission electron microscopy, atom probe tomography, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and electron backscattered electron diffraction to uncover the microstructure of U-Mo alloys, and other materials of construction, after irradiation. The data generated using these techniques is imperative for developing a fundamental understanding of the irradiation performance of this fuel under a variety of irradiation conditions. Information like that generated from this work is key for improving computer modeling of the fuel performance under irradiation. This presentation will discuss how recent results can be used to improve understanding of phenomena like recrystallization, grain growth, radiation stability, and swelling of irradiated U-Mo fuel and other fuel plate materials.

Dr. Navin Kumar
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Friday, April 19, 2019; 11:15 a.m. – 12:10 p.m.
544 Baldwin Hall

Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage Systems (LHTESS) provide a means of efficiently storing and extracting thermal energy at specific temperatures. This enables the supply and demand of the thermal energy to be decoupled in time and/or space, either to buffer intermittent or inconsistent thermal sources (for example, solar heating) or to take advantage of periods of more economical or more efficient energy supplies, such as in peak load shifting applications. The isothermal nature of LHTESS also makes it appropriate for use in many temperature-sensitive applications, and phase change materials (PCMs) can be used for temperature control as well as energy storage. Applications for LHTESS (both hot and cold storage) include HVAC technologies for both buildings and vehicles, solar heat storage, water heating, power generation, materials processing and other industrial processes, as well as a broad range of other technologies where energy must be intermittently stored and released. LHTESS can improve efficiency, thereby reducing energy consumption and costs and conserving fossil fuels, as well as reducing emissions. Other potential benefits include reduced equipment size, less system maintenance, and more effective equipment utilization.

Salt hydrate PCMs are promising candidates for LHTESS, with high volumetric energy storage and desirable phase change temperatures for many applications. However, salt hydrates suffer from low thermal conductivity as well as issues of thermal instability, which can result in unsatisfactory performance, particularly for extended thermal cycling. Resolving these problems can make salt hydrates highly suitable for LHTESS, and their cost is generally low compared with organic PCMs, making them very attractive from an economic perspective.

The presentation will provide details into inorganic (i.e. salt hydrate) phase change materials as a TES medium and the future of salt hydrates in engineering applications.

Navin Kumar, PhD, is a postdoctoral researcher at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. He received his B.S in Aerospace engineering from Embry Riddle Aeronautical University, and his PhD from Texas A&M University. His research interest is in thermal energy storage materials and system, building energy efficiency technology, and additive manufacturing.

Professor Olivier Cahuc
University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
Friday, September 13, 2019; 11:15 a.m. – 12:10 p.m.
544 Baldwin Hall

In this presentation, I will talk about the energetic analysis of processes (machining, welding and additive manufacturing). Widely used in the engineering industries, these processes crush the material with high temperature, high pressure and high strain and strain rates. To illustrate my point, I will consider the machining process and the necessary link between

1. experimental measurements made directly on the processes, and

2. simulations of these processes, in particular the modelling of the behaviour of metallic materials during the occurred transformations.

I will demonstrate that it is essential to see, experiment and model, (geometrically but also mechanically), in 3D, the existing phenomena. I will also show that one of the main difficulties today in obtaining high-performance simulations is the modelling of the behaviour of materials during processing. Then, I’ll continue with a presentation of the objectives and the methods used to improve the material behaviour laws in the European project (17 partners, 9 doctoral students, 2017-2021) ENABLE that I currently coordinate.

Prof. Olivier Cahuc is full Professor at the University of Bordeaux for 24 years in Mechanical Engineering / Manufacturing Processes and its research activity is focused on Machining Process. He is currently Deputy Director of the Bordeaux Institute of Mechanics and Engineering (380 members). He is the Coordinator of the European Project ENABLE  17 partners - 9 ESR PhD students). This project received funding from the European Union’s Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) Innovative Training Networks (ITN) H2020-MSCA-ITN-2017 under the grant agreement N°764979. He is also Co-Director with Pr F. Girot (UPV EHU Bilbao Spain) of the AENIGME (Aquitaine Euskadi Network In Green Manufacturing and Eco-design) Transborder Laboratory (accredited by IdEX of Bordeaux).

For the University of Bordeaux, he is in charge of two Institutional projects: “Factory of the Future” and “KIC Manufacturing” – European Innovation Technology” (https://eit.europa.eu/our-communities/eit-manufacturing). He was in charge of the Master of Mechanics (advanced design, advanced manufacturing and business manager in mechanics) for 10 years. He had the role of Head of the Research Department MPI (Materials Processes Interactions) of I2M for 8 years.

Expertise fields: Machining: Three-dimensional analytical modelling and experimentation, thermal cutting, high-speed machining. 

Scientific fields: Mechanics of continuous media, Twist mechanics, Behaviour of materials (laws of thermo-mechanical behaviour), Behaviour of materials in the sense of their degradation, Tribology, Thermics of processes

Dr. Ryan Comes
Assistant Professor, Auburn University
Friday April 12, 2019, 11:15 am – 12:10 pm, ERC 427

Abstract:

Complex oxides comprised of multiple positively charged metal cations exhibit a host of intriguing and useful properties for new technologies. Perovskite oxides with the chemical formula ABO3 and spinel oxides with the formula AB2O4 have some of the richest behavior. These materials may be metallic, semiconducting, or insulating, and exhibit ferroelectricity, with a built-in electric polarization, ferromagnetism, or superconductivity. This combination of properties in a single class of materials offers rich opportunities for engineering of unusual combinations of behavior through the design of multi-layer thin film materials. Through the use of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), we are able to engineer these materials down to the atomic level so that interfaces between two different perovskites can be controlled to produce desirable properties. In this talk I will present two examples of this type of interfacial engineering, showing how we can design, model, and characterize these properties through a wide variety of techniques. I will discuss our work using interfacial termination in polar/non-polar heterojunctions and superlattices to engineer electric fields in these materials. Using in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization of the LaFeO3/n-SrTiO3 junction with differing interfacial termination, we extract the valence and conduction band alignment between the materials and show that we can tune the electronic structure by interfacial engineering. In LaFeO3-NiFe2O4 nanocomposites, we show for the first time that MBE can be used to grow these vertically-aligned nanocomposites that are of interest for magnetic and catalytic applications. Using a combination of atom probe tomography and scanning transmission electron microscopy, we visualize the lateral interfaces down to the atomic level with sensitivity to the elemental composition in each phase. These results open up a wide range of new opportunities to design multilayer and nanostructured materials to achieve specific properties that cannot be found in the bulk.

Dr. James Wollmershauser
U.S. Naval Research Laboratory
Friday April 5, 2019, 11:15 am – 12:10 pm, Baldwin 544/644

Abstract:

Many theoretical and experimental studies boast tremendous enhancements in functional properties of nanostructured materials. In 3-dimensional bulk components (not thin-films) the repeating nanostructure features can bring dramatic improvements to a wide range of properties including magnetic exchange coupling, thermoelectric energy conversion, and mechanical response. However, these improvements are generally only expected when porosity is negligible and the microstructural length scales are well below 50 nm, which is a technological challenge, especially in nanocrystalline ceramics processing. NRL has developed an Environmentally Controlled Pressure Assisted Sintering (EC-PAS) approach to consolidate oxide, metal, and semiconductor nanoparticles into dense 3-dimensional nanostructured materials. EC-PAS incorporates stringent environmental control and utilizes high pressures to break agglomerates while simultaneously exploiting the increased pristine surface potential of nanoparticles for surface-energy-driven densification. Importantly, fully dense nanostructures can be synthesized with negligible change to the pre-sintered crystallite length scales.  Using this approach, fully-dense nanocrystalline ceramics with grain sizes <10 nm have been synthesized allowing rigorous evaluation of standing theories in the grain size dependent behavior of ceramics, including Hall Petch break down and indentation size effects. Interestingly, our work suggests that new theories are needed to capture the novel behavior of fully dense nanocrystalline ceramics. Such an understanding of the response of dense bulk ceramics is paramount before seriously considering their use in DOD applications.

Bio

Dr. James Wollmershauser is a research scientist at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory.  He received a B.S. in Chemical Engineering in 2005 from the University of Colorado and a PhD in Materials Science and Engineering in 2011 from the University of Virginia.  He began work at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory in 2011 as a Karle Fellow and transitioned to a traditional federal employee in 2013.  His work at NRL has focused on synthesis and properties of dense bulk nanostructured materials, including ceramics, semiconductors, and metals.  In 2014, he received the Dr. Delores M. Etter Top Scientists and Engineers of the Year Award for his role in the development of a unique method to synthesize new bulk nanocrystalline materials and demonstration of beneficial increases in DoD relevant properties.

Dr. Eric Schindelholz
Senior member of technical staff, Sandia National Laboratories
Friday March 29, 2019, 11:15 am – 12:10 pm, ERC 427

Abstract:

Additive manufacturing (AM) is of tremendous interest for producing parts with sophisticated, non-traditional 3D geometries from structural alloys. Powder bed selective laser melting (SLM) is a prevalent metal AM process whereby a laser is used to melt a pattern in successive layers of powder material to build a part. Locally high cooling rates with highly non-equilibrium and directional solidification conditions during SLM result in microstructures considerably different from their conventionally processed counterparts. Although the linkage between processing, microstructure and mechanical properties of AM metals has received considerable attention, the corrosion performance of these materials is relatively unexplored – a critical factor for their use in many service environments. In this talk, we will discuss current efforts aimed at understanding how the unique features of SLM stainless steels affect corrosion resistance relative to their conventionally processed counterparts. The electrochemical behavior of SLM 17-4 PH and 304L will be addressed within the context of hierarchal microstructural and surface features governing corrosion across multiple length scales. This includes the deleterious role of lack of fusion porosity, a common SLM feature, and the discovery of exceptional pitting resistance of SLM 304L and its relationship to ultrafine inclusions. Regarding the latter, the development of advanced high-resolution approaches for linking microstructure to corrosion processes, such as in-situ electrochemical transmission electron microscopy, are being developed. Based on these studies, processing and post-processing targets for enhanced corrosion resistance are addressed along with areas for future work.

Bio:

Eric Schindelholz is a senior staff member in Materials Science and Engineering at Sandia National Laboratories, since 2014. His present work includes basic research in atmospheric corrosion, stress corrosion cracking of nuclear used fuel waste canisters, corrosion of emergent materials and development of nanocomposite corrosion barrier films. He received his PhD in Materials Science and Engineering from the University of Virginia in 2014 and was awarded The Electrochemical Society’s 2015 Morris Cohen award for his contributions to corrosion science. Prior to obtaining his PhD, Eric worked as a corrosion expert on historic monuments and museum artifacts for both private and federal institutions.

Dr. Don Klosterman
Associate Professor, Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Dayton
Email: dklosterman1@udayton.edu

Friday March 1st, 2019, 11:15 am – 12:10 pm, Baldwin 544/644

Abstract:

This presentation summarizes the results of an extended literature search on polymers used in spacecraft in earth orbit. First a brief review of the types of spacecraft, common structures, and typical materials (polymers, composites, metals) will be given. Next, the various threats to materials in earth orbit will be described, including chemical (atomic oxygen), physical (micrometeoroids, thermal cycling), and radiation (U.V., various space radiation types). How these threats vary as a function of the orbital parameters will be discussed. Finally, the durability of polymers and composites in orbit will be summarized, including material selection (which polymers are most resistant to atomic oxygen and radiation), issues involved in thermal cycling of composites, how to predict radiation levels and atomic oxygen erosion rates, and where to find information on the long term effect of radiation on polymers and composites. The presentation will focus on structural materials but will NOT include topics such as propulsion materials, batteries / energy generation, heat shields, optics, or thermal protection materials.

Bio:

Dr. Don Klosterman has 25 years’ experience in processing and characterization of advanced materials, including polymers, polymer matrix composites, ceramics, ceramic matrix composites, and nanocomposites. During these years he participated in the set up and operation of several new laboratory facilities at the University of Dayton Research Institute including rapid prototyping in the 1990s (now referred to as additive manufacturing), electron beam curing of composites around year 2000, and nanocomposite processing pilot plant in the 2000’s. Dr. Klosterman also worked for a brief time at WebCore Technologies Inc. where he helped develop sandwich core composite materials and associated vacuum infusion processes. He is currently an Associate Professor in the Chemical and Materials Engineering Department at University of Dayton (UD). Over the past 15 years, Dr. Klosterman developed four graduate courses in polymer science and engineering, as well as co-developed UD’s first composites lab class, all of which he teaches on an annual basis. Currently he is involved in research on additive manufacturing of carbon nanotube metal matrix composites, and flammability of polymers and composites through the UD Center for Flame Retardant Material Science. Dr. Klosterman is a long time member of SAMPE (Society for the Advancement of Material and Process Engineering) and co-chairs their annual national student symposium.

Dr. Stephen R. Boona
Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis, The Ohio State University
Email: boona.1@osu.edu

Friday, February 22nd, 2019, 11:15 am – 12:10 pm, ERC 427

Abstract:

Though it is well known that microstructural material parameters like grain size and compositional homogeneity can have substantial effects on a wide variety of corresponding macro-scale material properties, the significance and range of insights accessible through microstructural characterization are often overlooked. The incorporation of characterization feedback into experimental workflows is never more critical than in studies of material systems where composition and/or processing conditions are systematically varied, or in cases where sample preparation is difficult, expensive, or time consuming. This talk will discuss three examples of challenging material systems where significant benefits were derived from utilizing one or more of the advanced imaging, spectroscopy, and diffraction tools available in modern scanning electron microscopes (SEMs). These examples include studying the factors most relevant to formation of nanoscale inclusions in volcanic rocks; examining the degradation of dentine tubules in human teeth; and tracking the composition dependence of grain growth processes in magnetic nanocomposites annealed in magnetic fields. 

Bio:

Dr. Stephen R. Boona is currently a Research Associate at The Ohio State University (OSU) Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis (CEMAS), where he specializes in the application of advanced scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques toward solving a wide variety of materials science problems. Prior to joining CEMAS, Dr. Boona earned his Bachelor of Science degree Magna Cum Laude in Physics from Northern Illinois University (NIU) in 2008, followed by a Master of Science in Applied Physics from NIU in 2010, and then a Ph.D. in Materials Science & Engineering from Michigan State University in 2013. He joined the staff at CEMAS in 2017 after spending four years working with Profs. Joseph P. Heremans and Fengyuan Yang at the OSU Center for Emergent Materials. Dr. Boona’s published research, which has been cited over 500 times in the last five years, covers topics ranging from prototype high energy particle detectors to the diamagnetism of phonons.

Dr. Bin He
Postdoctoral Researcher, The Ohio State University
Email: he.473@osu.edu

Friday, February 8th, 2019 11:15 am – 12:10 pm ERC 427

Abstract:

Most materials generally exhibit a single carrier polarity, either p-type (holes) or n-type (electrons). While some materials and superstructures have been predicted to exhibit axis dependent carrier polarity, most of them have never been experimentally verified and the phenomenon is poorly understood.

Here, based on a novel layered Zintl phase material NaSn2As2, I present the phenomenon of axis dependent carrier polarity, both experimentally and theoretically. Axis dependent carrier polarity can originate from a hyperboloid shape of the Fermi surface topology. In NaSn2As2, the carrier polarity is measured to be in-plane electron and cross-plane hole by thermopower and the exact opposite polarity in the Hall effect. The single band signature is confirmed by a small Nernst coefficient and a magnetoresistance. We name this single carrier axis dependent carrier polarity as ‘goniopolarity’. Moreover, we apply the goniopolar theory to a classic thermoelectric material Re4Si7, which is historically believed to be a multi-carrier system. We proved that, Re4Si7 is another goniopolar material via transport properties measurement and show that the hyperboloid Fermi surface of Re4Si7 is not along the crystallographic axes, which can lead to a misunderstanding of its properties. By extrapolation of the thermal conductivity to high temperature, we predict the thermoelectric figure-of-merit ZT of Re4Si7 to be above 1, which is a promising result for further research.

Dr. Gary Hamed 
Professor Emeritus, Department of Polymer Science University of Akron, OH, USA Email: hamed@uakron.edu

Friday, September 7th, 2018 11:15 pm – 12:10 pm Zimmer 413

Abstract:

Natural rubber vulcanizates containing 0-50 phr of a fine carbon black (N115, d ≈ 27 nm) were prepared and tensile strengths of normal (no pre-cut) and edge pre-cut specimens were determined. Normal tensile strengths of all vulcanizates were similar. At the relatively slow strain rate experienced wholesale by normal uncut specimens, all vulcanizates, prior to crack initiation, strain-crystallized sufficiently to be strong. However, pre-cut specimens experience increased strain rate at a cut tip. Magnification of the strain rate increases as cut depth c increases. Fracture in the gum NR and vulcanizates with up to 14 phr of black occurred by simple forward crack growth from a cut tip, and all exhibited a critical cut size ccr, where strength dropped abruptly. Furthermore, for these lightly filled samples, strength and ccr decreased with increased black content. This indicates less strain-crystallization before rupture of pre-cut specimens when levels of black are low. This effect is attributed to rapid straining at a cut tip and hindering of the chain mobility necessary for crystallization. When black content was increased to 15 phr, with 1 mm < c < 2 mm, about 50% of specimens retained simple lateral fracture and were weak, but, the other 50% developed deviated cracks (knotty tearing) and were much stronger. With 50 phr of black, all pre-cut specimens exhibited knotty tearing and were significantly stronger than corresponding pre-cut gum specimens, especially at large c. High strengths with sufficient black levels are attributed to increased strain-crystallization and super-blunting (multiple cracks) at a cut tip. These inhibit forward crack growth. For carbon black to enhance strain-crystallization relative to the gum, it appears there must be enough of it to form a bound rubber/black network. If the black concentration is less than this percolation threshold, strain-crystallization is hindered at a cut tip.

Bio:

PhD in Polymer Science, Univ. of Akron 1976; 4 years at Firestone Central Research; 1980-2015 professor of Polymer Science at the Univ. of Akron (currently professor emeritus); research on the mechanical properties of rubber, especially fracture; 110 publications; mentored 108 graduate students.

Dr. Sarah Watzman
Assistant Professor, University of Cincinnati Email: watzmasj@uc.edu

Friday, September 14th, 2018 11:15 pm – 12:10 pm Zimmer 413

Abstract:

 The majority of the world’s energy comes from nonrenewable sources, with over 60% rejected as waste-heat. If waste-heat could be recovered, the effect on humanity would be equivalent to that of adding a renewable energy source, majorly increasing society’s energy conversion efficiency. This can be accomplished through the use of thermoelectric materials, which convert a temperature gradient (like that from waste-heat) into a usable voltage output. Conventional thermoelectric materials have not increased in commercial efficiency in recent years, therefore a different approach is taken in this work. Here, novel transport is explored by tuning the electronic band structure to have unique topological transport signatures, found in the recently experimentally-realized class of materials called Weyl semimetals. Predicted to have large transverse transport coefficients, NbP is experimentally proven to effectively convert a temperature gradient into a perpendicular output voltage. Transverse thermoelectric devices have technological advantages over conventional Peltier or Seebeck longitudinal modules (in which the applied temperature gradient is parallel to the output voltage), but they require an externally applied magnetic field. Further control over the band structure in Weyl semimetals offers a solution, where YbMnBi2 is experimentally proven to effectively utilize a transverse geometry without the need for an external magnetic field. This effect is proven to arise from the Berry curvature of the electronic band structure, which functions like an internal magnetic field. The novel and unique signatures of Weyl semimetals indicate their strong potential as candidate materials for thermoelectric energy generation and cooling.

Bio:

Dr. Sarah Watzman began as an assistant professor in the Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering in August of 2018. Her research focuses on characterizing energy conversion between heat and electricity and how magnetization can enhance this transport. Specifically, she focuses on thermomagnetic transport in topological materials including Weyl semimetals. Sarah completed her PhD in mechanical engineering at The Ohio State University in May of 2018. At Ohio State, she was a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellow, a University Fellow, and a Future Academic Scholar Training Fellow from OSU’s Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering. Sarah has worked with elemental metals studying magnon-drag, and her dissertation focused on characterizing transverse thermomagnetic transport in Weyl semimetals. Sarah has also worked as a visiting researcher (summer 2017) at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids in Dresden, Germany, and she continues to collaborate with those colleagues on novel transport in Weyl semimetals. Sarah is actively involved in the Society of Women Engineers, having served on the Board of Directors as Collegiate Director and on the Society’s senate. Sarah is originally from Cincinnati and is excited to return as a professor at UC!

Dr. Andrew Wessman
GE Additive
Email: andrew.wessman@ge.com

Friday September 28th, 2018 11:15 pm – 12:10 pm Zimmer 413

Abstract:

Additive manufacturing is a burgeoning area of research in both mechanical and materials engineering as a number of industries are rapidly increasing the use of 3D printing to make engineered components. Adoption in the aerospace industry is especially rapid, where the combination of part complexity and low volumes is well suited to the current state of the additive manufacturing technologies. Nickel superalloys, a class of materials used at high temperatures in applications such as turbine engines and rocket nozzles, are being increasingly used in additive manufacturing to produce complex structural components to improve performance, reduce weight and reduce system costs. This presentation will provide an overview of GE Additive, one of the world’s leading providers of additive manufacturing machines, materials and services, and will discuss some of the materials science aspects of additive manufacturing of the nickel superalloy Rene 65.

Bio:

Dr. Andrew Wessman is a Staff Engineer at GE Additive. During 13 years at GE, he worked at GE Aviation to develop polycrystalline nickel superalloys for use in turbine engine rotating parts. This work also included developing the forging, welding and ICME capabilities necessary to utilize these materials in safety critical components. Dr. Wessman moved to GE Additive prior to the launch of the new GE business in early 2017, and is currently leading development of high temperature materials and processes for additive manufacturing. He has B.S. and M.S. degrees in Metallurgical Engineering from the University of Utah and a Ph.D. in Materials Science from the University of Cincinnati. He also serves as an Adjunct Professor of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering at The Ohio State University.

Dr. Eddie Schwalbach
Research Materials Engineer, Air Force Research Laboratory
Email: edwin.schwalbach@us.af.mil

Friday October 26th, 2018 11:15 am – 12:10 pm Zimmer 413

Abstract:

There has been increasing complexity in both additive manufacturing processes themselves (e.g. scan path planning, systems with multiple independent sources, and multiple heating modes) as well as the component geometries to which they are being applied. Fundamental questions about how these details combine to produce heterogeneity in local processing state, and therefore structure, will be addressed. Fast acting models and analytics procedures to assess and screen thermal history will be described. Potential applications for such capabilities include process-structure-property correlation development, processing equivalency testing, and potentially process design.

Additionally, we will describe a series of experimental activities and associated processing-to-structure modeling prediction challenge problems being performed within the Materials Informed Digital Design Demonstration for Additive Structures (MIDAS) program.

Dr. Siddharth Patwardhan
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield UK

Tuesday October 30th, 2018 10:00 am – 11:00 am

ERC 427

Abstract:

Inorganic nanomaterials are widely used in industry and in consumer products with a global production of the order of several million tons per annum and worth several $billions. Current methods for nanomaterials synthesis or manufacturing suffer from extremely adverse environmental burden leading to high costs and unsustainable production. In contrast, biological organisms, through biomineralisation, produce elaborate and ordered nanomaterials under physiological conditions. Taking inspiration from organisms and understanding the molecular principles in biomineralisation, we have developed green nanomaterials (GN) synthesis. This green method (mild, one-pot and rapid synthesis in water, at room temperature and neutral pH) offers substantial reductions in resources, time and energy usage when compared to traditional routes, yet offers excellent control over the properties and function of the materials.

This presentation will illustrate how such bioinspired materials can be designed and fine-tuned with examples from various applications/sectors such as drug delivery systems and water treatment. We will show how key synthetic parameters were identified systematically in order to modulate silica formation, its physicochemical properties and its function. Extensive materials characterisation using spectroscopy and microscopy, we are able to gain understanding of the synthesis-structure-property relationships which enable materials design/discovery. Finally, results from experiments and economic analysis on scaling-up the synthesis from mg to kg will be presented.

Biography:

Siddharth V. Patwardhan is a Professor of Sustainable Chemical and Materials Engineering and Head of the Green Nanomaterials Research Group (www.svplab.com, @GreenNanoRes ) at the University of Sheffield, UK. He graduated from UC's MSE department with a PhD in 2003. Siddharth, a chemical engineering and materials chemistry, with a vision to develop sustainable, scalable and economical routes to functional nanostructured materials. He has experience of bioinspired synthesis of nanomaterials for applications in energy, environmental, biomedical and engineering sectors. He has over 70 publications with an h-index of 33. Siddharth's EPSRC Fellowship in Manufacturing and a multi-university EPSRC project are developing the tools for assessing scalability of and developing manufacturing technologies for various nanomaterials.

Dr. Jonathan Nickels

University of Cincinnati
Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering Email: nickeljo@ucmail.uc.edu

Friday, January 19th, 2018 2:30 pm – 3:25 pm Zimmer 413

Abstract:

The structure and function of biological membranes is far more complex than the classical view of a homogeneous fluid mosaic. Though it has been studied for more than 100 years, the role of lateral organization stemming from its rich compositional diversity a is still being unraveled. Often, the lipid raft hypothesis is invoked to contextualize the observations of lateral heterogeneities in the plane of the membrane. The lipid raft hypothesis suggests that these nanoscopic and transient lateral structures facilitate the organization, assembly and regulation of multi-molecular protein complexes. Provides a compelling rationale for numerous observations relating to complex biological functions such as membrane trafficking, endocytosis, signal transduction, and other processes. There is an unrealized potential to unlock new understanding and therapies to a variety of diseases based on an improved grasp of the structure and biophysical basis of lipid raft formation and properties.

I will discuss recent work establishing a platform for systematic in vitro and in vivo investigations of cell membrane organization; setting the stage to both understand and access the potential of these enigmatic membrane structures. Using both neutron scattering as well as simulation based approaches, we first accessed the bending modulus of the ‘raft’ structures in model lipid mixtures. This result provides fundamental information about the underlying physical mechanisms of raft formation and stability. These observations relied upon neutron ‘contrast matching’ approaches to resolve scattering signals from the co-existing lipid phases. This work lead into current efforts to probe the structure and organization of the cell membrane in a living organism, B. subtilis, by extending these scattering based approaches in combination with a number of innovative genetic and biochemical strategies. Ultimately, we have been able to isotopically label a living bacterial system to present neutron contrast between the cell membrane and the rest of the cell/extracellular space in order to directly observe the cell membrane of a living organism. This approach has already yielded the first direct in vivo observations of bilayer hydrophobic thickness as well as evidence for the existence of lipid rafts in this organism.

Advanced Manufacturing Processes Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern University

Friday, January 19, 2018; 11:15 AM – 12:10 PM; 544 Baldwin Hall

Abstract:

Powder-blown and laser-based additive manufacturing processes provide unique opportunities for novel materials design of functional materials with complex component geometries and improved mechanical behavior due to its unprecedented rapid solidification. The nature of the process opens doors to multi-material capability at many length scales. However, the complex physical phenomena that occur during the process leads to uncertainties in structure and mechanical behavior. Research that couples experiments and thermal modeling aims to investigate the relations between the process, thermal history, microstructure and final mechanical behavior of additively manufactured materials. Some of the very first experiments of in-situ high-speed X-ray imaging of the powder deposition process at Argonne National Laboratory illuminate how processing conditions influence the build. Thermal monitoring, structural characterization and mechanical testing show what mechanisms in the process lead to final part properties. Optimal process control requires thorough understanding of these process-structure-property relationships so that the same part could be built by various machines and systems. Future work includes manipulating laser- matter interactions with external magnetic fields, adaptive optics and reheating so that the complex phenomena in the process will not only be isolated and understood, but also used to build new functional materials.

Speaker Biography:

Sarah Wolff is finishing up her PhD in mechanical engineering from the Advanced Manufacturing Processes Laboratory with Professors Jian Cao and Kornel Ehmann at Northwestern University. After completing a B.S. degree in environmental engineering at Northwestern and working in the aerospace industry, she transitioned to research sustainable manufacturing systems and later advanced processes. Sarah studies the underlying physics of laser-material interactions in both subtractive and additive processes and their influence on resulting microstructure and mechanical behavior. She is also building an open-architecture hybrid processing rapid prototyping machine in hopes to design new materials.

Dr. Giles Dillingham

CEO and Chief Scientist, BTG Labs Email: gdillingham@btglabs.com

Friday, February 2nd, 2018 2:30 pm – 3:25 pm Zimmer 413

Abstract:

The interactions between a bond surface and an adhesive that determine the strength and reliability of a bonded structure occur in a zone that is perhaps 1 nanometer thick. This seminar provides a comprehensive look at the molecular level characteristics of a bond surface that determine bond performance, how to establish the desired characteristics through surface preparation, and how to quantify them for process development, quality assurance, and failure analysis. We will provide an overview of the basic scientific principles involved in measuring surface composition and surface energy and how these relate to bond performance in manufacturing and repair.

Bio:

Giles Dillingham, CEO and Chief Scientist of BTG Labs, has worked in the areas of materials, surfaces, interfaces, and adhesive bonding since receiving his Ph.D. in Materials Science from UC in 1987. BTG Labs, established by Dr. Dillingham in the late 1990’s, performs basic and applied research in surface science, surface treatments and adhesion, and develops instrumentation for development and process control of surface engineering processes. Recent work by BTG Labs is helping pave the way to certifiable adhesively bonded primary aircraft structures. Dr. Dillingham has over 40 publications and patents in the areas of surface treatments, surface energetics, and adhesion.

Dr. Christopher A. Calhoun

Engineer, Technical Data Analysis, Inc. Email: ccalhoun@tda-i.com

Friday, February 9th, 2018 2:30 pm – 3:25 pm Zimmer 413

Abstract:

α-Uranium’s orthorhombic crystal structure leads to many unique phenomena. Most interestingly, textured polycrystals exhibit thermal ratcheting, which is defined as the accumulation of permanent deformation through repeated stress-free thermal cycling. The driving force for the ratcheting stems from the anisotropy of the single crystal thermal expansion coefficient of the single crystal, which possesses one direction with a negative CTE. Despite having been reported in the literature in the 1950’s and 60’s, a thorough modeling explanation of ratcheting has not been presented. This talk will present a combined experimental and modeling effort to explain the mechanisms for the thermal ratcheting. A brief overview of plasticity modeling, with a focus on crystal plasticity will be included.

Bio:

Dr. Calhoun grew up in Reno, NV, where he discovered that careers can be dedicated to breaking metal and making sense of it. In an effort to pursue that goal, he went to Virginia Tech to obtain a Bachelor’s in Engineering Science and Mechanics, where he worked on fatigue in aircraft aluminum. After that, he went onto obtain a Master’s in Aerospace Engineering from Texas A&M studying thermo-mechanical fatigue of shape memory alloys. In an effort to return to return to Virginia, Chris enrolled obtained a PhD in Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Virginia. There he focused on the polycrystalline plasticity. He went on to work two years at NIST in the Center for Automotive Lightweighting studying plasticity as applied to shaping and forming. Recently, he started at Technical Data Analysis, Inc. working on a variety of projects with a primary focus on metal fatigue in aerospace structures. In his free time, Dr. Calhoun teaches “Introduction to Finite Element Analysis” as an adjunct faculty member in the mechanical engineering department at George Mason University.

Dr. Seyed Allameh

Professor of Physics, Geology and Engineering Technology Northern Kentucky University
Email: allamehs1@nku.edu

Friday, February 23rd, 2018 2:30 pm – 3:25 pm Zimmer 413

Abstract:

Imagine you draw a house with a desired shape, send it to a printer and it gets printed, not on small prototype one from polymers, rather, a life-size, real home that you can move in! Imagine a home that resists earthquakes and fire so we do not see the collapse of buildings causing human casualties, Imagine construction under hazardous conditions, in cold and hot weather in very short periods of time and at very affordable costs! All these are becoming feasible with the advent of new 3D printing technology associated with advances in construction composites with intricate micro- and macrostructures such as cellular, lattice block, and sandwich structures. Biomimicking, as the new enabling technology and its incorporation in 3D printing of houses written from bioinspired materials will be discussed and its implications on the current construction technology will be elucidated.

Bio:

Dr. Seyed Allameh is currently is professor of Physics, Geology and Engineering Technology at Northern Kentucky University. He joined NKU in 2004 after 5 years of research in the areas of MEMS, and advanced materials at Princeton University as research staff scientist. Prior to Princeton, he worked on the synthesis and characterization of electronic ceramics at The Ohio State University as research associate and postdoctoral fellow. He received his PhD in 1993 from OSU in the field of Materials Science and Engineering. For his PhD, he worked on the energy and structure of interphase interfaces

Dr. Allameh has worked on the fabrication and characterization of nano-crystalline materials, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), thin film bimorphs, biomaterials, and nanostructures with applications in nanotechnology. He has a special interest in surfaces and

interfaces, electron microscopy, nano-crystalline materials, nano-scale and microscale devices, and microtesting systems for mechanical behavior of MEMS and NEMS. He has developed state of the art microtesting systems for evaluation of mechanical behavior of MEMS components. These included tensile, compression, bending, buckling, fatigue and creep tests using laser interferometry and image correlation techniques. At Princeton, he developed a simple method for growing nano-scale structures including nanofins, nanorods, and thin-walled lightweight nanostructures.

Dr. Allameh has authored or co-authored over 80 peer- reviewed journal articles, conference proceedings papers and book chapters. Further, he has given 46 conference presentations including invited talks at various universities and international conferences. He was the guest editor of a special issue of Journal of Materials Science and Engineering. He organizes symposia on Bio materials, Bioinspired materials and biofuels at the ASME international conference and exhibition. He is the recipient of awards and recognitions including the 2017 NKU outstanding research award. His current research is focused on biomimicked composites and micromechanical characterization of MEMS components.

Dr. Jie Song

Research Associate, Colorado School of Mines Email: j.song.thu@gmail.com

Friday, March 2nd , 2018 2:30 pm – 3:25 pm Zimmer 413

Abstract:

Ni-based superalloys display excellent mechanical properties at high temperatures as well as superior oxidation and corrosion resistance. They are widely used in gas turbines, and chemical plants. In this talk, the morphology and development of precipitate-free zones (PFZs) near grain boundaries (GBs) in low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) Ni-15.6Mo-10.2Cr- 2.2W at.% (based on Haynes 244) will be discussed as a function of thermal history and composition using electron microscopy techniques. The formation of wide, continuous PFZs adjacent to GBs can be largely attributed to vacancy depletion in the vicinity of the GBs. The crystallography of grain boundary precipitates has been investigated using transmission electron diffraction. The space group of previously unreported cubic precipitate is Pm3̅m with lattice parameter a=6.42Å.The μ phase that formed during this heat treatment contains a high density of finely spaced (0001) nanotwins, which give rise to pseudo 6/mmm symmetry (instead of 3̅m, expected for the μ phase R3̅m space group) in CBED patterns. In addition, variant selection of intragranular Ni2(Mo,Cr) precipitates will be discussed.

Bio:

Jie Song received his Master’s degree in materials science and engineering from the Tsinghua University, in 2009, and PhD degree in Engineering Technology from Purdue University in 2014. He conducted his postdoctoral studies at Colorado School of Mines and Purdue University. Jie Song’s research interests lie in the area of material characterization based on advanced microscopies as well as material processing and properties.

Dr. Pulickel M. Ajayan

Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University, Houston, Texas,

Friday, March 30th, 2018 12:20 - 1:15 pm
Rec Center 3250

Abstract:

The past two decades has belonged to truly innovative discoveries in the area of nanotechnology. Although basic science in the area has progressed significantly, there are still challenges related to engineering and integration of nanomaterials into applications and commercial products. This talk will discuss some of the challenges and opportunities in the field, with particular reference to engineered nanomaterials that include carbon nanostructures, two dimensional materials, and several other nanomaterials and hybrids. Our group has made pioneering contributions to this field in relevance to developing these materials for applications such as energy storage and conversion, catalysis, low power devices, coatings and light-weight materials. Several aspects that include synthesis, characterization and modifications will be explored with the objective of achieving functional nanostructures for future technologies. The intrinsic challenges in the area of nano-engineering will be highlighted, particularly for bottom-up creation of nanostructured materials.

Bio:

Dr. Pulickel M. Ajayan, the Benjamin M. and Mary Greenwood Anderson Professor of Engineering, is the founding Chair of the Materials Science and NanoEngineering Department in the Brown School of Engineering at Rice University. Prof. Ajayan started out as a metallurgist, and moved quickly into carbon nanotechnology as his major area of focus, with world-leading research into multi- and single-walled carbon nanotubes - their growth in vertical arrays and their uses in composites and other materials - and in graphene and hybrid carbon nanomaterials. Prof. Ajayan has published one book and 600 journal papers with > 130,000 citations and an h-index of 151, based on ISI database. He has received a number of rewards among which including the 2016 Lifetime Achievement Award in Nanotechnology from the Houston Technology Center, 2016 NANOSMAT Prize, Spiers Memorial Award by the Royal Society of Chemistry (UK), Senior Humboldt Prize, MRS medal, and Scientific American 50 recognition. He has been elected as a fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (UK) and other academies, as well as serving as visiting and guest faculty positions across the globe.

Dr. George P. Fotou

Principal Engineer, Cabot Microelectronics Email: George_Fotou@cabotcmp.com

Friday, March 30th, 2018 2:30 pm – 3:25 pm Zimmer 413

Abstract:

Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP) is a technology not broadly known but a very important step in the fabrication of IC semiconductor devices. A brief introduction of this technology will be provided as well as how it is enabling the miniaturization of the chips that are used in semiconductor devices. Slurries made from highly engineered abrasive particles and designed to operate within very tight performance limits of removal rate, defectivity and uniformity are integral part of CMP. Polishing pads play an equally important role in the CMP process. These are materials based on either thermoplastic or thermoset polyurethane polymers and manufactured by various processes to achieve specific physical characteristics and mechanical properties that are important in the CMP process

A message that I would like to convey with my talk is that transitions from traditional technical fields to “non-traditional” ones can be exciting and rewarding.

Bio:

Dr. Fotou earned his doctorate degree from the University of Cincinnati, Department of Chemical Engineering in 1995. After a post-doctoral appointment at the University of New Mexico, he joined Cabot Corporation in 1996. In his 14 year R&D career with Cabot, Dr. Fotou developed, scaled up and commercialized several processes for nanoparticle production and filed several patents. He joined Cabot Microelectronics in 2010 where he is currently a Principal Engineer. For the past 7 years Dr. Fotou developed and commercialized polishing pads for Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP) of advanced semiconductor materials. He is currently managing the supply of abrasive particles for the manufacture of CMP slurries.

Dr. Sarah Goler

Columbia Nano Initiative, Columbia University, New York Email: sg2175@gmail.com

Friday, March 23rd, 2018 2:30 pm – 3:25 pm Zimmer 413

Abstract:

We have established scientific basis for a new, nondestructive methodology for dating ancient Egyptian papyri based on Raman spectroscopy. Egypt’s dry climate has preserved thousands of handwritten documents which provide insight into ancient cultures, but most of these manuscripts are not dated. Currently, the only scientific method for estimating the date is radiocarbon dating, which is destructive and cannot be used to date the ink separate from the support. In contrast, microRaman spectroscopy, a nondestructive light scattering technique, can distinguish physical and chemical properties of materials. We discovered, for a study of well dated ancient Egyptian papyri covering the date range from 300BCE to 900CE, the Raman spectra (20-40 measurements per manuscript) of black ink all show the spectrum of carbon black characterized by two broad features, the G and D bands indicative of crystalline and amorphous carbon. The G band, 1585cm-1, is a Raman allowed transition arising from the E2g inplane vibration of sp2 bonded carbon. The D band at ~1350cm-1 is a forbidden Raman transition that occurs when the lattice symmetry is broken due to disorder, vacancies, crystalline edges, etc. We observed the spectra exhibit systematic change as a function of manuscript date, unexpected given these papyri span 1,200 years and the fact that each manuscript has a unique provenance, archeological, and storage history. We conclude Egyptian black ink pigments were manufactured using similar processes over this time period. We attribute the systematic changes in Raman spectrum to two concurrent oxidation processes: slow oxidation of crystalline carbon and faster oxidation of amorphous carbon. Oxidative degradation proceeds over time altering the Raman response of the material, providing a direct experimental indicator for manuscript age. This research establishes the basis for a simple, rapid, nondestructive method for dating ancient manuscripts from Egypt as well as the ability to differentiate between modern forgeries and authentic ancient manuscripts. To validate this method we performed a blind study where the scientific team performed the measurements and provided predicted dates without knowing the true dates which were revealed later.

Bio:

Sarah Goler completed her undergraduate studies in applied physics at Columbia University's School of Engineering and Applied Science and Mathematics. She went on to complete a PhD in Condensed Matter Physics at the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa in Italy where she focused on graphene for hydrogen storage using STM, microRaman and CVD processes. She then continued her studies of carbon while completing a postdoctoral position at Columbia University as a member of the Ancient Ink Laboratory. She won a year-long research scientist fellowship with the Italian Academy at Columbia University in 2014/2015 and won the Dan David Prize for young scholars in 2017.

Dr. Theron Rodgers

Sandia National Laboratories Email: trodger@sandia.gov

Friday, April 20th, 2018 2:30 pm – 3:25 pm Zimmer 413

Abstract:

With the rapid growth of additive manufacturing, rapid solidification phenomena have become increasingly important in the materials community. Recently, we have introduced a novel Monte Carlo-based method of simulating microstructural evolution during process such as additive manufacturing, welding, and thin film solidification. Here, we will discuss recent work with the model including coupling it to thermal conduction simulations, incorporating crystallographic texture, and using synthetic microstructures in simulations of mechanical behavior.

Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-mission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC., a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International, Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525.

Dr. Yongho Sohn

Professor, Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
Email: Yongho.Sohn@ucf.edu

Friday, April 13th, 2018 2:30 pm – 3:25 pm Zimmer 413

Abstract:

Additive manufacturing of metallic alloys is emerging as a disruptive technology to produce net- shape components with nearly unlimited geometrical complexity and customization. This technology also represents an opportunity to design new and modified alloys that can desensitize inherent process variables and take advantage of thermo-kinetic environments associated with additive manufacturing. In this presentation, in-laboratory, hands-on, closed-loop research capability of gas atomization and selective laser melting for alloy development established at UCF will be introduced. Exploration and optimization of process parameters will be documented for gas atomization (e.g., flow rate, atomizing pressure, melt temperature and orifice temperature) and selective laser melting (e.g., laser power, scanning speed, hatch spacing and slice thickness) using microstructure and mechanical properties. Demonstrative results from commercially available and new/modified Al-, Ni-, and Fe-alloys will be discussed to identify scientific understanding required to mature additive manufacturing technology including solidification, micro-segregation, homogenization, and precipitation via multicomponent phase equilibria and diffusion.

Bio:

Dr. Yongho Sohn is a Pegasus Professor of Materials Science and Engineering, and Associate Director for Materials Characterization Facility (MCF) at University of Central Florida. MCF is a FL-state user facility for academics and industry with over $20M in analytical instrumentation and 3 full-time staff engineers. He received his B.S. with honors and M.S. from Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA in mechanical and materials engineering, respectively. He graduated in 1999 with a Ph.D. in materials science and engineering from Purdue University and spent two years as a post-doctoral research scholar at the University of Connecticut. He joined University of Central Florida in 2001 as an assistant professor. His research and teaching interests includes microstructural analysis and control, multicomponent intrinsic and

interdiffusion in multiphase alloys, powder processing and additive manufacturing, thermal barrier coatings and other protective metallic/ceramic coatings, and light-weight metallic alloys and metal-matrix composites. He has published 8 book chapters, over 140 journal papers and 60 proceedings papers. He gave over 400 presentations including 100 invited lectures at conferences around the globe. He is a Fellow of ASM International (FASM), recipient of NSF CAREER Award (2003), Outstanding Materials Engineer Award from Purdue University (2016), UCF’s 2017, 2012 and 2006 research incentive awards, UCF’s 2007 and 2013 teaching incentive award. He is an associate editor for Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion and a member of editorial board for Metallurgical and Materials Transactions. He has supervised to completion, 11 Ph.D. students, 29 M.S. students and 8 post-doctoral scholars, and currently supervises 4 Ph.D. students, 1 research associate, and 4 undergraduate research assistants. Details on his research and teaching activities can be found at http://mse.ucf.edu/sohn.